So on the nature of the ideal army, the Kural looks first at tradition, desertion and defeat: As with the Chinese approach, the Thirukkural's aphorisms are meant to be a subject of meditation and personal interpretation.
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It describes the different facets of the ideal without necessarily giving instructions on how to achieve the ideal.
The Thirukkural's usual approach to a subject is to consider it from different angles. "Foremost among a monarch's possessions standsĪ conquering army, complete and fearless" In the chapter entitled merits of the army in the book of wealth, the Thirukkural begins by telling us that: The Kural considers the defensive capability of a nation in three parts: fortresses, the merits of the army, and military pride. But here again the Thirukkural is just as applicable to the modern corporate world as it is to politics and media. As Dr Albert Schweitzer said the Thirukkural addresses “the most varied questions concerning the conduct of man to himself and to the world"įor example the chapter called "merits of ministers" deals not only with the giving of advice but also the qualities of ambassadorship, the general ability to win over people to one's point of view, to judge and sway an audience, for example. The approach is broad and all-encompassing. But whereas the "Art of War" is a treatise on achieving victory, the Kural is in essence a treatise on ethics. Here, the Thirukkural is similar to ancient Chinese classics such as the "Art of War" which in a modern context has been applied not just to physical war, but corporate strategy and in some American interpretations, to marketing, for example. Much of the principles enunciated in the context of a country naturally lend themselves to the modern corporate world. We see this in the respective sections "merits of a king", "merits of ministers" and "qualities of a country". As we saw in part II of this series, in the Thirukkural the wealth of nations is founded on good leadership, good advisors and expertise and on the qualities of the country: natural qualities (defensive location, a fertile land etc), good alliances (and its opposite, weak enemies) and a strong defence capability. We start first with a reprise of the foundation to the wealth of nations.
Whereas love in the sense of love for mankind is an important part of the book of virtue, and romantic love is the theme of the book of love, the Kural importantly places courage in the wealth of the nation. Replaced much by many: Many of the principles enunciated in the context of a country naturally lend themselves to the modern corporate world. The concepts which often appear in a personal context in the "Path of the householder" in the book of virtue reappear in a national context in considering the "wealth of nations". We saw previously that concepts such as fairness and justice cut across one book to the other.
We conclude our three part introduction to the 2000 year old Tamil classic on ethical living, the Thirukkural, by looking at two popular themes from its three books: love and courage.
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